Tuesday, May 29, 2018

Portfolio Construction 101




When it comes to portfolio construction what should you do? Well, you could try the couch potato portfolio, the perfect portfolio, the permanent portfolio, the sleep easy portfolio, the beat the tsx portfolio etc.. etc.. Lots of direction out there and confusion, on what to do and what to try. Here is another idea of my own for an open non-registered account. This is where you keep money in case you needed it right away. Just open a self-directed investment account with any discount broker. This allows you to buy and sell these particular stocks anytime you like or when you have new money to put to work.

My basic premise is to design your own hedge fund if you will. We all complain about the high price of gas in Canada so why not buy a company that pays a dividend to help you offset the cost of gas? Something like a Husky Energy for example. You then do this for all the household expenses you have.
Phone, internet, cable, utilities, groceries, consumer discretionary goods etc.. etc..
Quite simply buy the companies that bill you monthly, or that you are a consumer of. They all pay dividends and because you hold them in an unregistered account you reap the quarterly payments and use them as a hedge against your monthly expenses. You are also getting the dividend tax credit so you end up paying a lower tax rate at the end of the year. Barbara Streisand loved Starbucks coffee so much she bought the stock, as an example of buy those things which you consume. So here is what I would need to do;

Buy Scotiabank (BNS) – where I have my bank and investment accounts



Buy Sunlife (SLF) – where my wife and I have life insurance policies and our drug plan

Buy Emera (EMA) as our electric utility stock – we are billed monthly for our power consumption


Buy Enbridge (ENB) – this is the company we use for natural gas and bills us monthly



Buy Bell (BCE) - home phone and cell phone provider

Buy Rogers Communication (RCI.B) – cable provider



Buy Suncor or Imperial Oil  – integrated oil and gas companies, we consume lots of gas


Buy Empire (EMP.A) or Loblaws (L) – you have to eat and we all buy groceries

Buy Alimentation Couche-Tard (ATD.B) – corner/variety store, cheap gas and smokes


Buy Dollarama (DOL) – Canadian discount retailer we use all the time



These companies all pay dividends and I am a customer. It seems to me they would provide a good hedge against monthly expenses. You don't need to buy everything right away. You should take at least 6 months to put a portfolio together anyway. There is no need to go out and rush to buy everything and every company you deal with. This is simply an exercise in doing things your way.

Buy companies you are already giving your money to. Why not get something in return to boot?

Wait for them to become cheaper, in the interim you can put together a watch list of what you would like to buy. 

When they go on sale you are ready to pounce. Think about grocery shopping, we all love a deal don't we? When your favourite item goes on sale you buy it. We just don't like to buy it at full price. 

Think toilet paper, who buys that at full price? We always wait for it to go on sale, just don't wait until you run out. 

If you like, you can add in some real estate exposure through an ETF like ZRE or XRE. This can help give you a little juice in an area where it's hard to pick just one name and will give you diversification across multiple income streams. I do not own any REITs at the present time but I'm watching and waiting to buy.


If we just added one each of the higher yielding stocks to get started, it could look something like this;


CIBC (CM) – 4.7%
SunLife (SLF) – 3.4%
Emera (EMA) – 5.4%

Enbridge (ENB) – 7.05%
Bell (BCE) – 5.49%

Rogers (RCI.B) 3.15%
Telus (T) 4.39%
CNQ (CNQ) 2.9%
Loblaws (L) 1.64%
Dollarama (DOL) 0.33%
BMO Equal weight REIT (ZRE) 4.14% (after fees)


TOTAL YIELD = 3.87%*

When high interest savings account are only yielding a little above 1% and money in the bank averages .15-.25% this is a pretty good return. 

All quality blue chip Canadian names and over time you can expect some capital appreciation. The best of three worlds, hedging your expenses, collect your dividends and capital appreciation (growth). You can hold these forever or however long you decide to carry a monthly bill with these companies. 

You decide on how much or how little you wish to buy. Equal dollar amounts or equal share amounts, the choice is yours. Keep it simple and do what you feel comfortable doing. Take your time and do your own company specific research.  
This is a great way to learn about what you are already paying for and now you can invest and get paid for what you already own. We all hate our cable company, if you can't beat 'em join em' err buy them!


Many people have money in a savings account at their local bank but would never think of buying bank stock. Why not? It gives a better return than a dead end savings account that fails to keep up with inflation. 

Over time your dividends will continue to grow and these blue chip companies always pay out their dividends and raise them consistently. Stay away from what the bank is trying to sell you, mostly high MER bank specific mutual funds. 

You can also sign-up for Drip programs and continue to accumulate shares from your dividend payments if you so choose.


You don't have to limit your list with just these examples, you can expand your list to include other items you consume, you might smoke, drink, buy a lot of take-out foods, I don't know. You can explore those stocks from companies you buy from or that you enjoy so much you'd like to become a shareholder in.


Whatever your list, just be sure to buy Canadian stocks for your open account for the tax benefits they provide, and also the liquidity. If you need the money for expenses you can sell the stock and then transfer it to your chequing account usually within 24-48 hours.


Any US stocks you wish to buy should be held in an RRSP. There is foreign-withholding-tax-explained to be paid when you sell your stock, so for tax purposes they are best held in a shelter. Stocks like;

MCD McDonalds - if you like their coffee (I do) and consumer product giants like PG Proctor and Gamble - for consumer staples
DEO Diageo - if you drink a lot of hard stuff like scotch etc.. etc..


You could do no worse putting together a portfolio of stocks from companies who's products you use on a regular basis and pay a monthly bill to use their service. If nothing else just having the satisfaction knowing some of your hard earned money will be returning to you in the form of dividends. It's like getting cash back on store purchases. So there you have it, a portfolio that will help you hedge out some of your monthly expenses.


You will hear professional money managers tell you to only invest in what you know. If you use these companies then you already have that familiarity. Now you just need to do some added research to see where they stand financially.

This is what I do and also think of doing when I have more cash to invest. In my retirement account I am always looking to add to my holdings in Canadian listed dividend companies that I'm a consumer of.


What do you think of this strategy to build a portfolio? Is this something you would try?

Related Post: Portfolio Asset Allocation

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Sunday, May 27, 2018

Risk - Take Some What Have You Got to Lose?


Every generation has its challenges. My Dad left post-war Europe because at the time there was no future and ultra-high unemployment. Why stick around? He wanted a better life, so he boarded a boat bound for Canada. We are all so happy he chose to get off in Halifax and not Ellis Island.

A couple weeks later the boat docked and he disembarked. Where to go and what to do was foremost on his mind. He had no job, no place to stay, couldn't speak English, and possessed the equivalent of a hundred bucks in his pocket.

He was fleeing his life at home for a better future somewhere else, nothing else mattered and everything else seemed trivial. Today we call this “risk-taking”. He found a job, met my mother, married, started a family of his own and bought a house. He built that better life and still enjoys it today at 88 years old. More importantly, he has his health and a secure financial future to enjoy his life.


In 2004 my wife and I were working on Canada's West Coast, 3000 miles from where we both grew up. After much debate and the fact we missed home, we decided to move back after being away for four years.

We resigned from our good paying full time jobs with benefits and started to plan.

The next step, was to downsize and get rid of as much stuff as possible. We sold what we could, brought in an auctioneer for the rest. We had enough money to pay for our move back home with the proceeds.

What we didn't have when we arrived back home were jobs, a permanent place to stay and vehicles. Upon arrival, we emptied the U-Haul into a storage container and moved in with family until we could sort things out.

Eventually we both found part-time work, bought cars and purchased a townhouse which we still live in today, 14 years later. Those jobs turned into full-time and a few years ago we paid our house off. We were willing to take the risk of quitting our secure life and jobs so we could be happier somewhere else. It all worked out, just like it did years earlier for my Dad.


The majority of today's millennial generation (not all) eschews risk in all forms. They have no sense of adventure outside of a few blocks of the family basement. It shocks me how many are satisfied living at home, or in the process of boomeranging back home while still in their late twenties and early thirties.


If they work at all, it's as a minimum wage slave, stuck in a dead end job with no benefits and no future.

They can't support or pay for their lifestyle without support from the bank of Mom & Dad. They require and desire more government intervention to help them get through life because doing it on their own is hard work and just plain sucks.


They always seem to have their hand out for help instead of going out on their own and taking risks. It's not that hard, it's been done before.


I hear countless stories from friends, family and co-workers about their adult children moving back home. I'm sure every family has gone through this or is still going through this. Really? Why?


Did the kid sell their car so they'd have money? If they're not working why do they need a car?


Do they still watch cable, internet and have a cell phone? What about that Vegan/Paleo/All Organic Wholesome Food Diet, they still doing that?


They still drinking imports and energy drinks? They stop eating out? How about all those designer clothes? What about all those pictures of them on FB holidaying in some exotic place? How'd they afford that?


I thought you said they were poor. Why can't they afford to pay for their own life?


Boomer parents love to coddle their children and when they grow up lazy they need more coddling. So they buy them cars, pay off student loans, credit cards and give them free rent.


Where's the need to take risks when it all gets handed to you? Boomer parents are risking their future and finances to support adult children sleeping under the stairs.


How do you build survival skills when you still live at home? Why are you delaying adulthood and taking the easy way out? How long do you want Mom washing your gitch while you figure it all out?


You'll start to hate her and she'll start to despise you. It will happen, it's natural when you've given up your personal freedom. No sweat, who needs that? I also love the “Well, I'm helping them pay off their student loan” whiny argument.


Don't they have 2/3 of their adult lives left to pay that back? Moving in to do that is such a BAD decision. Why is suffering exempt from their learning curve? Isn't that what life is all about and how it's supposed to work? Why save them from that? Where is the life lesson? What is the risk in doing it on your own and what awful surprise is waiting for them?


Thousands of our young waste money on an education with no job waiting for them when they finish. Stuck with massive debt and opportunities lost they can't seem to find the funds to pay it back. How about taking the rest of your life to pay it back instead of tapping into your parents cash flow. You'll be just fine, of course you need to take some risk to make it happen. I asked my Dad what motivated him to keep moving forward. He said simply, "I always followed the money, and went where the jobs were. They are always somewhere, but you have to do what it takes even if that means taking some risks along the way".


Maybe the GenYers/Millenials (those born early 1980's - 2000s) ended up that way because today's parents are themselves clueless about money. They just got lucky with the housing/jobs and tech booms. They won the "born at the perfect time lottery" and you didn't.


Get over yourself. Most parents have just not been honest with their kids about money. Half of today's families live paycheque to paycheque and now they pass this wealth advice on to their issue.


70% have no company/corporate pension plan, at the same time, debt levels are at historic highs.


Now with a lot of parents in the hurt locker, contemplating working past retirement age they have to house a 20/30's something year old and maybe two.


Yikes! They didn't know that an entire generation would end up living downstairs. A former co-worker of mine is 41 years old and has never launched.


He still lives at home but to justify the decision and make himself feel better he claims he works elder care as a second job. Ya sure!


The reasons they come up with to occupy the basement are numerous and varied, from broken relationships, job loss, recovering from an injury, pay off debt etc. etc.


What little cash you have left, they will suck up. You may have planned to sell the house so you have money to travel, forget it. It's not happening. There's people under the stairs asking for freebies. You will stagger into retirement or maybe never get there while the kidults still need hugs and confirmation there is no boogeyman.


I don't know why my family and friends argue with me on this. Feeding adult kids and allowing them to live rent free is a BAD decision.


Millenials may think it's fun to pretend to be ten again, but they'll have zero self worth and a severe lack of do-it-yourself skills, going forward.


Life is not fair and struggling is how it's supposed to work. It's a disgrace we don't recognize this and teach it to our young. Move them out NOW, what's the risk in that?

Related Post: Worry Free Money

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Saturday, May 26, 2018

High Yield Stocks - Where's The Growth?



If you take a quick look at the top ten components of the Canadian Dividends Aristocrats Index ETF (CDZ) you'll find all high yield stocks.

High yield equates to high risk. If that's how you want to spend your money then go ahead. Speaking of spending money, to hold the ETF it will cost you a MER of 0.66%.

On a 100K portfolio that is $6,600 per year or $550 a month. That monthly amount is substracted from your total portfolio so you don't much notice. It bleeds out slowly.

YTD and let's call it pretty much the first half of the year the fund is down 3.4%. I know it's just a short term glimpse and not indicative of long term performance but it's still losing money and expensive to own just to try and generate some monthly income through high yield stocks.

The ten year return for CDZ is almost 6%. It's not really much better than it's 5 year return. The fund is stalling out and not growing at all. Distributions have in my opinion just sucked. The fund paid unit holders $2.08 a share in 2014 and now sliding down to a low of 99 cents a share in 2017. 

In sum, there has been no growth in the dividends. Why do they call this an aristocrat fund? In 2010 they paid out 0.93 cents in dividends and 7 years later we're at 0.99 cents. Absolutely brutal if you ask me. If you're an income investor your income is not rising as I'm sure you wanted it to when you bought this fund.

It's expensive to buy and hold. It has no growth in price or distributions. Why do people index and buy these products for income? When a company announces a stock split, you also will never see it or benefit from it. I believe in building your own portfolio of dividend growth stocks. You need that growth in yield and price to keep ahead of inflation. Y + DG = Total Return. You won't find either here.


CDZ Top Ten Holdings

Corus Entertainment
Enbridge Income Fund Holdings (closing soon)
Altagas
Transalta Renewables
Gluskin Sheff
Gibson Energy
Alaris Royalty
Exchange Income Corp.
Interpipeline
Granite Real Estate Investment

If you research each one of these stocks you will see news releases highlighting all the troubles they have experienced in the past twelve months. Corus is down over 40% in the last year. Enbridge Income is being folded back into the parent company. Alaris has invested into companies that can't pay them back and loans are being re-structured. 

I also don't touch energy stocks for my retirement money. Interpipeline and Gibson are way too volatile for income investors. 

The other main problem for me is diversification. The fund holds 80 stocks. I just believe in a more concentrated portfolio. Buy the best and not the most.

Breaking it down further after expenses your yield is 3% on that 100k portfolio. After purchasing your units after today's closing price of $25.82 (estimate) your monthly income works out to $348.56 and remember that total has been dropping every year for the last four. Probably because 25% of the fund is comprised of energy stocks. That's how they suck you into it's yield play but as we've seen the yield sucks anyway. 

You can do a lot better by picking and buying your own stocks. It feels better and is more fun anyway.

Do you own any Dividend ETFs? What do you think of CDZ and or investing in high yield stocks?

Related Post: Buy For The Dividends

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Wednesday, May 23, 2018

How To Build A Fixed Income Portfolio


If you are constantly worried about losing money in your investment portfolio it's probably because you don't trust yourself or the professional you hired to build your portfolio. Today I want to look at that part of your portfolio that should contain all the safe stuff to invest in. This is the fixed income part. The part that will not melt away completely in times of market mayhem and also provide some monthly income.

Professional fund managers agree on a 40% allocation in constructing a balanced portfolio. Matter of fact most balanced mutual funds are constructed the same way. Let's look at some of the ways we can divide up that 40% within the fixed income part.


I believe the proper approach when selecting bonds is to buy the whole bond market. It's just an idea to try and not for everyone. I have used this in the past and continue to use a hybrid approach in my wife's RRSP and LIRA. This passive approach works best to achieve efficient and expected market returns. You can then divide the bond portion into these four components achieving proper diversification within this asset class. Maybe try this;

  • 10% government bonds – XGB
  • 10% corporate bonds – XCB
  • 10% real return bonds – XRB
  • 10% high yield bonds – XHY

Total cost of bond portion of portfolio (MER) - .47 – Dividend Yield =3.24%
Total expected return of the fixed income portion of this portfolio would be 2.77% net of expenses.


You will own a total of 2,219 bonds. You will be well diversified but this will take some monitoring because of the higher risk posed by exposure to high yield US bonds.


OR


Another simple option is to buy XQB which is composed of 60% government and 40% corporate bonds. You would be leaving out the higher risk US bonds and the inflation protection of real return bonds.


40% - XQB


MER = .12, Yield = 2.58% - total return 2.46%
Total holdings of 324 bonds.


OR


40% - XBB
MER = .09 Yield = 2.95% - total return 2.87%
Total holding of 831 bonds.
OR
Another choice you have is to supplement your fixed income portion with a 5% weighting in cash and 5% in a preferred share ETF. This is my preferred way of incorporating fixed income into a portfolio.


5% - ZPR
MER = .50 = 3.89% - total return 3.39%
Total holding of 193 shares. These are preferential shares issued by many large companies, which act like bonds. Fixed dividend payments mean you always know the income to be received, and it comes in the form of dividends, so taxes are minimal and if invested and inside an RRSP deferred. Preferreds have shown virtually no volatility during the current market downturn in the TSX. Investors continue to collect their income through dividend distribution and will only pay half the tax a GIC generates, if you decide to invest outside of a sheltered account.


5% - Cash
GICs or HISAs
Whatever your bank has on offer.


The percentages here that I've divided up are just examples. You can use whatever you are comfortable with when putting together your own fixed income portion. I would still stick with the 40% weighting as it seems to work best when markets are falling to earth. Build your fixed income with whatever fund companies you want to use and whatever particular ETFs you like. I have no preference who or what funds one picks.

OR


Another strategy you could implement would be to diversify your risk between multiple ETF companies and change the percentage weightings. Mainly because you don't like too much of a corporate bond, high yield exposure and would like to hold cash. You might try this;


3% - XGB
5% - CBO
3% - ZRR
6% - CHB
18%- ZPR
5% - PSA - Purpose High Interest Savings ETF = 1.44% distribution yield
(you can purchase this on-line through a discount broker)


MER - .38 Yield = 3.4%

Whatever particular strategy you decide on, make sure you have at least 40% of your funds in fixed income to achieve a traditional balanced portfolio. Some cash, bonds and maybe some preferred shares. It will protect you and you'll be able to keep your head and get to sleep when the SHTF as it always does.

Related Post: The Greater Fool Balanced Portfolio

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Monday, May 21, 2018

Is Your House Leaking Money?




Something I learned a long time ago is to keep an eye on all those little charges that creep into our financial lives every month. We don't watch or peruse our monthly bills as much as we should to avoid money slowly leaking from our accounts. Incremental charges like;
  • mortgage insurance 
  • credit card fees 
  • municipal taxes 
  • digital banking fees 
  • extra phone fees
  • cell phone  
  • cable charges 
  • cable rental equipment
  • e-transfer fees

Check and go over line by line your monthly bill statements. If you've gone paperless as we are now programmed to do for the sake of saving trees, you may never notice some of these debits because you don't have the time and patience to go on-line and check. Meanwhile on your account you might have over draft fees, cheque fees and cheque ordering fees to name a few. Know what you're being charged for. The savings can be huge leaving you with more investible funds at the end of the month. Maybe!

How annoying is it to be charged for having a bill sent to your home? For the privilege most companies charge you $2. Some of us like getting a hard copy of what we owe so as not to miss a bill payment, but why the charge? Just for being a customer? The government is soon putting a stop to this leaky charge. We'll see. To save a little scratch every month it forces us to do everything on-line and go paperless. Nothing wrong with that, just completely unnecessary to charge us for the privilege. Never mind all the job losses in banking. Tellers will soon be obsolete.

How much in insurance costs are you paying every month? Car, fire, mortgage, contents, life, critical illness etc. etc. We can become insurance poor if we don't keep an eye on all these leaks that can turn into a flood and severely crimp our monthly cash flow. 

Check all your policies to determine if you have too much insurance for what you and your family needs. For example why have mortgage insurance if you have life insurance? You can realize a huge savings by not carrying insurance on your mortgage in case of death. That's what life insurance is for. 

On our last mortgage the charge for this was $220 per month on top of everything else. This is a huge moneymaker for banks not you. No thanks!
It pays to visit your bank and talk to them about fees. Of course if you bank in a grocery store then you won't need to do that but chances are you won't get to talk to anyone anyway. Some services are worth paying for. I have a no-fee chequing account for day-to-day expenses and a low-fee account at a big bank for all my borrowing, investing and trading needs. Sometimes I just like to sit and talk to all those nice people at my bank. After all it's where I get my money, so best to develop a relationship with them.

Municipal Taxes


Do you pay your own municipal taxes or do you blend your payments into your mortgage and have the bank pay them? If you do, do you think the bank offers that service for free? Well, they don't. You are paying them and most never see or notice the charge because it is so cleverly disguised. Usually in the form of an overdraft account you don't know exists. 

Make an appointment with your lender and have it explained to you. We pay our taxes directly to our municipality. It consists of ten monthly payments every year. No deductions in November and December so you have a little more money in your account to meet your Christmas shopping needs. Your bank does nothing for free, nothing! They actually charge you an overdraft fee because they pay your taxes in one-lump sum at the beginning of the year. 

You don't have the money in your tax account so they loan it to you and you unsuspectingly pay it back monthly. They just blend it into your mortgage payment and you're done. So account opened, taxes paid, oops you're overdrawn, no problem, here's a tax loan expense added in, overdraft charge added and we're done. That was easy! Another leak in your account worth fixing. Oh those nice sneaky people at your bank.

After we paid our house off I asked the bank for our deed. They said “sure we can get that for you, it's $250.” What $250 really?”. I called the land registry office and they politely said we could come in and do a search on location for $50. Quite the savings for doing it yourself.

Yearly credit card fees are another leaky charge you never really see once you go paperless unless you are so diligent perusing these statements. Who has the time these days? The fact is there are so many free credit cards out there, that there's just no need to pay someone to use and obtain their credit card. Some like Amex charge $140 a year. You don't need it. Go through all your cards and determine if any charges you're paying are necessary.

Check all your utility bills every month and question immediately any charges you don't understand. Do you pay monthly rent on your hot water heater? How much is it? When does it end? Can I pay it off and will it be cheaper? Do I need a direct heat and air conditioning service plan if something goes wrong at the wrong time? 

Well, there's never really a good time to lose heat or cooling services when you need it. You might not need a furnace plan, just get the furnace serviced and or cleaned every year. It might be cheaper just to pay as you go if there's a problem. Do the math, people on these plans are paying exhorbitant fees and never tapping into the service.

When we bought our current house the gas company kept charging us fees on a plan that belonged to the previous homeowner. Yes, they just carried the charges over without question, even though there was now a different name on the account. Taking advantage? You betcha. 

You have to be a hawk on these bills, they also raise the price and you won't notice the leak right away, because you signed up for their automatic payment plan with paperless billing, as we were shamed into doing. 


It's great to be on a budget and write down where the money goes but you also need to question the fees and deductions that come with all the expenses. 

Can I get it cheaper somewhere else? Why are we paying this? Make the call right away. I call my phone, cell phone and cable providers pretty much every month just to let them know I'm watching and also to ask for discounts. The yearly savings again are huge. 

Are you paying extra money per month for a digital service fee? Or for an extra box in the upstairs bedroom you forgot about? All these fees and charges should be questioned. Watch out for leaks, in some cases they can turn into a flood and then you'll need to be bailed out.

Once you go through this exercise you'll have more money to invest for the long-term or to reward yourself for savings realized. 

What leaks are in your house? Can you fix them?

Related Post: Never Invest With Your Bank

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Sunday, May 20, 2018

11 Important Lessons I've Learned About Investing


I have to admit for most of my life I've sucked at investing. Bought expensive mutual funds, check. Sold at the bottom, check. Bought at the top, check. Invested in gold penny stocks, check. Continued to invest in products I didn't understand, check.

Debt was another big component of my life until we paid off our mortgage. I have not turned into some kind of wunderkid investor, but rather just more informed. It is only by making these mistakes have I truly learned how to invest my money.

I try not to obsess about all things money and at my age why bother. If you haven't made it financially by the time you reach your sixties and have worked all your life and spent most of it in debt, then when will you make it? I hope I have learned something but these are what I believe to be the most important;


Hot Tips

Everybody it seems has one for you. I have fallen for this many times. The latest being Klondex Mines. I met a guy when I was admitted for hernia surgery, he was a broker and mentioned this as a good investment. I trusted his experience and knowledge which cost me 50% of my money on that dog of a stock. It has just recently been bought by Hecla a US silver miner. Just ignore word of mouth recommendations. They rarely work out and I have only myself to blame.

Be A Contrarian

When everyone is heading in the same direction, you do the opposite. Look to sell losers when the market is higher and buy stocks when the market declines. This is how you win long term. Always think long term as being at least 10 years out.

Fight Complacency

Never be so arrogant as to think markets will go up forever and you'll be OK. Stick to your plan and never deviate. The market moves in cycles so always be aware of where we are in that cycle. Just because everyone is doing something doesn't mean it's right and that the good times will continue.

Asset Allocation

Hold a little cash, a little fixed income and a little bit of equities, You can't go wrong and won't lose as much when the market goes down. The market will correct 3-4% at least 3-4 times a year. This kind of a split in your money will save you from doing stupid things with your money. Only losers buy at the top and sell at the bottom.

Be Tax Smart

Know where to put your investments to take advantage of the generous credits and deductions we have in Canada. Know what is taxed as a capital gain, a dividend or interest. If it collects interest then it should be held in a sheltered account like your RSP or TFSA. Equities and equity mutual funds if you own them should be held in an open account. Become a tax smart investor. It's not the people who make the most that get ahead. It's those that pay the least amount of tax. Fact!


Understand The Economy

Understand where we are in the economic cycle. Recession, Inflation, Deflation, Prosperity. Where are we? Is it easy money days, are interest rates rising or falling? These conditions are temporary and none last forever. Ignore the latest news and never buy or sell based on it. Ask questions, talk to people in the know if you can. Timing can be critical to protect your investments, so know where you are at all times. Remember that when everyone is panicking and selling these are the greatest buying opportunities. When everyone is confident and bullish, is usually the time to book profits and sit on the sidelines in cash.

Work Backwards to Set Goals

Whatever your age work backwards from your investing priorities. If you've determined that you're going to need $1,000,000 at age 65 to retire, and you're just starting to invest with twenty five years left, then investing in GICs and Fixed Income Products won’t get you there. 

Find a mix of assets that WILL get you to your goal. Focus on what you will achieve for your future, NOT what small amount you have to start with. This long-term thinking way of thinking is a must.


Use Good Debt

Not everyone is comfortable borrowing to invest. Whatever you do make sure your spouse knows what you are doing and seek approval. You can deduct the interest on loans made to buy investments. This is good debt and the rich get richer by deploying strategies like this. Wherever you can, use good debt. 

Maximize the use of TFSAs and RESPs. You can even make your mortgage tax deductible if you seek professional help. Take advantage of RRSPs and RRIFs. Canada is a beautiful place that allows us all to avoid, defer and minimize what we pay to the tax man. Take advantage of this and save on taxes and use good debt if you can.

Know Your Limit

A good rule of thumb to use to determine how much exposure you should have in the stock market is quite simple - deduct your age from 100. In my case I'm now 62 so I shouldn't have more than 38% invested in equities. Due to the low returns in cash and bonds at present I have a lot more than that. Closer to 100% individual dividend growth stocks. My wife is 57 and she has a balanced portfolio with a 60/40% mix in 2 different accounts. This is appropriate for most people.

Too Much House

Most families have too much of their net worth tied up in their house. Take ninety, then minus your age, this will give you the percentage of your total net worth a house should represent. This according to Garth Tuner over at the greaterfool.ca. So again using myself, 90-62 = 28. My principal residence should not represent more than 28% of my net worth. 


We paid off our house 7 years ago and right now it represents 25% of our net worth or one-quarter. Most Canadians have far too much of their wealth tied up in their house and have zero invested in liquid financial assets like stocks or bonds. 

You can't sell your house if you need money. It's a fixed asset. On average it will take you 3 months to sell and enjoy any gains you receive. You might also sell and take a loss, it happens. This is risky and another good reason to NOT have all your eggs tied up in the housing basket. Diversify! 

Go Pro or Do It Yourself

I'm a DIY investor. I've just learned over the years that nobody cares or will care more about your money than you do. I've had mutual fund salesman sell me stuff and fleece me on fees. You have two choices. Get advice or do it on your own.

I believe in getting educated and the DIY investing route. There really is no in between. If you are just not comfortable then by all means hire someone. 

An advisor will charge you 1% a year to manage your investments while taking no commissions. That's it but also on top of any funds or ETFs they put you in. Money from the fund companies will be extracted monthly from your investments. I spelled this all out in The Greater Fool Balanced Portfolio.

Would you pay these fees for peace of mind? It could add up to at least 1.5% on an ongoing basis. You can do this all yourself of course but you'll need to learn and be involved as much as your time and life permits. Do what you know and keep things simple. Keep risk as low as you can. 

You don’t need an advisor to succeed, not at all. Read Buffett, Munger, Fisher, Montier, Grant, Bogle and Ellis and follow their advice. The internet is full of great free advice and so is your library. Use it. 

DIY or hire someone? Those are your choices. What will you choose?


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